What is the purpose of data encryption?

Data encryption is fundamentally a security measure used to protect sensitive information by transforming it into an unreadable format, known as ciphertext. This transformation ensures that only individuals or systems with the correct decryption key can convert the ciphertext back into its original, readable format. The primary purpose of encryption is to safeguard data from unauthorized access, breaches, or exposure, making it a critical component of cybersecurity practices.

When data is encrypted, it mitigates the risk of data theft and ensures that even if data is intercepted, it remains unintelligible and useless to anyone without the appropriate decryption key. This protection is essential for various types of data, including personal information, financial records, and confidential business communications. Encryption is thus a vital technique for maintaining the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive data in transit and at rest.