Define the term "ransomware."

The term "ransomware" specifically refers to a type of malicious software designed to infiltrate a computer system, encrypt files, and then demand a ransom payment to restore access to those files. This form of cyberattack has become increasingly common, as it targets individuals, businesses, and organizations by rendering critical data inaccessible until a monetary payment is made to the attacker. The defining characteristic of ransomware is its dual functionality: it not only compromises data security by encrypting files but also leverages an extortion tactic to coerce victims into paying for the decryption key.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately capture the essence of ransomware. A. describes an encrypted file storage system, which may involve encryption for data protection but not extortion. C. refers to a phishing scam, which typically involves tricking individuals into providing sensitive information rather than encrypting data and demanding payment. D. describes a method of securing communications, which is unrelated to the concept of demanding payment for decrypted files. Thus, the correct understanding of ransomware aligns with the description provided in B.